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Hi I’m Bill Barry, NASA’s Chief Historian.
Every day on the International Space Station,

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NASA and our partner nations collaborate above
the Earth at humanity’s toehold in space.

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As the space station orbits above us every
90 minutes, 16 times a day, its multi-national

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crew performs important scientific research
Off the Earth, for the Earth.

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The science conducted on our orbiting laboratory
advances global scientific knowledge about

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our home planet, as well as space, physical,
and biological sciences.

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Today, American astronaut Scott Kelly and
Russian Cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko are in

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the midst of a one-year mission aboard the
Space Station that is providing important

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insight into the effects of microgravity on
human physiology. This information will be

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critical for preparing humanity for longer
duration missions on NASA’s Journey to Mars.

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This amazing research laboratory continues
the global cooperation that has always been

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at the core of NASA’s mission. But, 40 years
ago a big breakthrough came when two Cold

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War adversaries, the United States and Soviet
Union, joined hands in exploration.

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Let’s take a look back at the first time
these two great space powers flew together

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– the seeds of cooperation planted then
continue to flourish today.

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[Rocket sound]

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We were in a position to open a crack in the
door between east and west during the Cold

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War.

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Apollo Houston I’ve got two messages for
you. Moscow is go for docking. Houston is

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go for docking. It’s up to you guys. Have
fun.

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All righty sounds good. [Speaking in Russian]…
Alexei.

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Mid­July 1975 an American Apollo spacecraft
and the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft prepared to

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join in earth orbit, 140 miles above the Atlantic
near Portugal. During their two-day joint

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flight astronauts and cosmonauts transferred
between spacecraft. They conducted basic experiments

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and they tested the compatible rendezvous
and docking system. Evaluating its potential

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as the universal standard on future spacecraft
for docking and rescue.

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The mission climaxed more than three years
of planning and preparation time during which

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differences in language, in technology, in
political creed were set aside, in favor of

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the common goal.

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This was the mission that opened the door
to international manned spaceflight the mission

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that set the course for joint applied to the
future. This was the mission of Apollo­Soyuz

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[Music]

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We should get together the two superpowers
in space but was kinda unique on here each

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country had at least 10,000 nuclear weapons
aimed at each other but yet will have a joint

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cooperation in space

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[Music]

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This was the peak cold war. Both sides believe
that the other side is the evil enemy.

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[Music]

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The mission was unique and it was supported
because I think the populations on each side

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had a desire for the cold war to be over.

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[music]

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But at that time the relations were not very
good between our countries but that project

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made us work together.

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It was quite a symbolic effort to open relationship
between the two countries.

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[Music]

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Well, we would train together for two years.
It fact it was our side that insisted we have

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to start two years in advance. The Soviet’s
system said no of course everything was they

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say “Bol’Shoy Sekret“ everything was
a big secret.

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Tom Stafford has a Oklahoman pronunciation
he’s very hard to understand and I think

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that even his own wife did not understand
him very well sometimes.

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[Music]

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We had a lot of fun everybody, cause made
mistakes in the other language and in some

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cases it's a like learning, listening to a
three­year­old trying to get better in English.

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So we made mistakes everybody got a lot of
laughs out of that.

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We learned to understand each other and we
spoke the language that we named “Russton”

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that is a Russian in Houston 
and so eventually were able to overcome the

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language barrier.

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Deke Slayton was a wonderful person, one of
the original Mercury 7 astronauts and due

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to medical problems was taken of a flight
where he was supposed to fly the second the

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orbital missions for the United States, then
he was head of the astronaut group, he was

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my boss for many years. Apollo commander,
he was on the crew wonderful person did a

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great job and he finally got a chance to fly
in space.

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ADD TEXT/PHOTO: 1924­1993

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It was really wonderful after we train in
the mockups, simulators, back and forth, two

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years to finally, they launch from Kazakhstan.

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[Music]

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Back and then seven and a half hours later
when the orbit came across the cape we launch,

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two days of phasing and catch up and final
rendezvous and docking.

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Ok

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This is Apollo Control apparently the TPI
maneuver was successful Tom Stafford reported

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from Apollo that he was stationed.

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Both control centers Moscow and Houston have
given a go for docking.

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Soyuz Apollo I read you 5 by 5

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That's what made it easier for us to communicate
with our US counterparts because we're professionals

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speaking the same professional language at
this that helped us build a trust as well.

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And please don’t forget about your engines...

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Less than five meters distance

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Three meters...

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One meter...

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Stand by…

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Contact...capture…

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I knocked on the hatch. I heard him knock
back, and I said in Russian [Speaking Russian]

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like “who’s there?”. Like you know 140
miles up who else could it be? [Speaking Russian]

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It’ll stay open

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Ok turn on the camera, hit the remote...

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It was really the handshake, which symbolized
potential lifting of tension in the cold war

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and friendship.

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They are joined in space, served for the benefit
of all countries and peoples on the Earth.

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Alexei is a great artist and during those
two days he sketched in black and white two

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pictures of me, and he gave them to me and
I have them very proudly framed in my house

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and they will be going into a museum.

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Before flight I prepared stickers labeled
for Stoli Vodka, Moscow Vodka, etc I am took,

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containers with coffee with borscht and applied
those labels on those containers and so when

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we sat down to eat in the vehicle. According
to the Russian tradition we must celebrate

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our first meeting so they were very uncomfortable
but they went ahead and opened the containers

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and said let’s have a drink to our first
meeting and once they started drinking they

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realized that this was borscht that’s what
was in the containers and then everybody was

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disappointed actually.

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After two days you know we docked. Spent two
days together, undocked, re-docked, did a

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test. Then finally undocked and slowly started
drifting off away about 30­40 miles apart.

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We start receiving the signal from Apollo
and I listening to music and I hear some women

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laughing and I can hear some glasses clinking.
I Press the transmit button and ask what's

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going on? And they're saying “oh we're having
a party over here we're done working so we

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are partying” turns out that they recorded
all this noise, all this sounds while still

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on earth and then played it back to pretend
that they had a party.

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The friendship that's lasted very dearly all
these years I consider

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General Alexei Leonov like a brother to me,
practically.

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And what we do today on the International
Space Station and the type a working groups

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we have, and how we have approach things is
all based what worked out on Apollo­Soyuz

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starting from scratch.

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It was a soft docking it was a good show they
are looking forward now.

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I’m rather proud of what the whole team
accomplished that kinda opened the gate to

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go forward with international cooperation
and exploration.

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Houston Endeavor we have captured Zarya.

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Don’t think it’s over. It’s just starting.

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It was a first, 40 years ago, and this tradition
would be continued on the Space Shuttle, on

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MIR, and today on the International Space
Station. The successful Apollo-Soyuz Test

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Project demonstrated how much was possible
through international partnerships.

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As we move from the International Space Station
in low-Earth orbit, outward to the vicinity

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of the Moon, and visit asteroids we’ll continue
learning the skills and technology that will

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enable our Journey to Mars. There is one lesson
we already know – and we learned just how